8.1 Ottoman Empire and Republic of Turkeyįurther information: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's personal life.4.3.3 Liberalization and planned growth, 1931–1939.4.2.2 Relations with the RSFSR/Soviet Union.4.1.5 Opposition to Mustafa Kemal in 1930–1931.4.1.3 Opposition to Mustafa Kemal in 1924–1927.4.1.2 Civic independence and the Caliphate, 1924–1925.3 Establishment of the Republic of Turkey.The principles of Atatürk's reforms, upon which modern Turkey was established, are referred to as Kemalism.

Under his leadership, thousands of new schools were built, primary education was made free and compulsory, while the burden of taxation on peasants was reduced. Atatürk then embarked upon a program of political, economic, and cultural reforms, seeking to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern, secular, and democratic nation-state. His military campaigns led to victory in the Turkish War of Independence. Having established a provisional government in Ankara, he defeated the forces sent by the Allies. Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, he led the Turkish national movement in the Turkish War of Independence. Ītatürk was a military officer during World War I. His surname, Atatürk (meaning 'Father of the Turks'), was granted to him in 1934 and forbidden to any other person by the Turkish parliament. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ( pronounced ( conventional) – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish army officer in the Ottoman military, revolutionary statesman, and the first President of Turkey. ( )( This date was adopted by Atatürk officially in the absence of a precise date.) Mustafa Kemal Atatürkġst Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey For other uses, see Atatürk (disambiguation).

Mustafa kamal